3/27/2023 0 Comments Palm pre multitouch![]() Breathability, flexibility, and conductivity should be considered when selecting materials to construct skintronics. The device in contact with the body must be biocompatible and employ encapsulation or coating techniques to prevent fouling or contamination. Materials and device properties are essential considerations in the design of skintronics. Section snippets Material selections and platform considerations for skintronics Finally, we summarize the current challenges and future directions in the field of skintronics. We then envision the market landscape of skintronics from a commercial perspective. This review will also highlight real-life healthcare applications, including disease diagnostics and therapeutics. This review begins with a discussion of material selections and platform considerations for skintronics and then elaborates on device fabrication and system integration (Fig. Therefore, skintronics can be evolved into an intelligent platform for point-of-care healthcare in home and community settings. Moreover, signal processing tools such as machine learning (ML) have been employed for data mining, discovering specific disease occurrence patterns, and revealing potential therapeutic opportunities, , ]. Since Rogers's group reported the first seminal skintronics example in 2011, research on skintronics are becoming a central scientific area in the past decade, enabling many emerging applications, including health monitoring, fitness or wellness management, disease diagnosis and treatment, and soft robotics. It is considered an ideal platform for personalized healthcare due to its thinness, softness, and multifunctional integration. These devices have been favored to monitor multiple physical, physiological, and biochemical signals emitted from the body without interfering with users' daily routines, ,, ,, ,, , ]. The emergence of skintronic devices can address these concerns by having direct and conformal contact with the skin, even under severe mechanical deformation. ![]() In addition, such wearables are constrained to several specific body positions, significantly weakening the mobility of wearers. The major limitation of commercial wearables, including smart watches, wristbands, and gadgets, is the poor contact with the skin, resulting in lower signal-to-noise ratios. Compared to conventional sampling methods such as blood draws, wearable bioelectronics does not require clinical experts and specialized laboratory equipment, demonstrating the significant potential for health monitoring in a convenient and non/minimally invasive manner, ,, ]. A bioelectronic device can convert biological signals, such as physical, physiological, and metabolic signals, into measurable electrical signals, , ]. Wearable bioelectronics is a multidisciplinary concept that combines electronics with biological systems. The field of skintronics will not only minimize physical and physiological mismatches with the skin but also shift the paradigm in intelligent and personalized healthcare and offer unprecedented promise to revolutionize conventional medical practices. In this comprehensive review, we discuss (1) the state-of-the-art skintronic devices, (2) material selections and platform considerations of future skintronics toward intelligent healthcare, (3) device fabrication and system integrations of skintronics, (4) an overview of the skintronic platform for personalized healthcare applications, including biosensing as well as wound healing, sleep monitoring, the assessment of SARS-CoV-2, and the augmented reality-/virtual reality-enhanced human-machine interfaces, and (5) current challenges and future opportunities of skintronics and their potentials in clinical translation and commercialization. Particularly, skintronics offer a personalized platform for early-stage disease diagnosis and treatment. Current advancements in skintronics have enabled health monitoring and digital medicine. Skin-interfaced electronics (skintronics) have received considerable attention due to their thinness, skin-like mechanical softness, excellent conformability, and multifunctional integration.
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